Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the central part of the retina (macula) and is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the elderly. Detecting AMD at early stages is crucial for slowing the progression of the disease and preserving vision quality.

Symptoms of AMD:

1. Early Symptoms:
   • Decreased clarity of central vision.
   • Need for brighter light for reading or performing tasks.
   • Difficulty adapting to low light (e.g., when moving from a bright room to a dark one).
   • Blurred or distorted vision of straight lines.
2. Late Symptoms:
   • Significant decrease in central vision sharpness.
   • Appearance of dark or empty spots in the center of the visual field.
   • Difficulty recognizing faces or small details.

Methods of Diagnosing AMD:

1. Ophthalmological Examination:
   • Ophthalmoscopy: The doctor examines the retina using a special instrument (ophthalmoscope) to detect changes in the macula.
   • Pupil Dilation: Before examining the retina, the doctor may use drops to dilate the pupils, allowing a better view of the back of the eye.

2. Amsler Grid Test:

• The patient looks at an Amsler grid (a special card with a grid) to determine if they see distortions or dark spots. This helps detect problems with central vision.

3. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT):

• This painless test uses light waves to obtain detailed images of the retina. OCT allows for the assessment of the retinal layers and the detection of swelling or deposits.

4. Fluorescein Angiography:

• A fluorescent dye is injected into the patient’s vein, followed by a series of retinal images. This helps detect abnormal blood vessels and dye leakage, characteristic of the wet form of AMD.
• Self-Monitoring and Prevention

5. Regular Eye Examinations:

• People over 50 are recommended to undergo regular ophthalmological examinations, even if there are no obvious vision problems.

6. Amsler Grid Test at Home:

• Using the Amsler grid test at home helps to timely notice changes in central vision. If changes are detected, it is necessary to immediately consult an ophthalmologist.

7. Healthy Lifestyle:

• A balanced diet, quitting smoking, and protecting the eyes from ultraviolet radiation contribute to maintaining eye health.

Conclusion

Detecting age-related macular degeneration at early stages is key to successfully managing the disease and preserving vision. Regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist and timely seeking medical help at the first signs of vision problems will help you maintain your quality of life.

For vision diagnostics, contact the Filatov Institute. Address: Frantsuzkіy Bulvar 49/51, Odesa, Ukraine

Phone numbers:

+38 (048) 707-23-53 – Registration desk

+38 (048) 794-17-98 – Information desk