The author team of the State Institution “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of NAMS of Ukraine” created a manual for practicing ophthalmologists in which examples of rare, truly amazing and unique cases of pediatric ophthalmology are given, which took place during the many years of work of pediatric ophthalmologists of the Filatov school. The manual consists of 5 sections: ophthalmic oncology, inflammatory diseases, congenital malformations, eye injury and surgical technique, in which are presented: detailed clinic of medical cases with photos and frames from video of operations, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, analysis of results in comparison with literature data and practical recommendations, which allow the doctor to use them in his activity. The manual is aimed at improving the level of ophthalmological care for children to reduce blindness and low vision in Ukraine.