This authored work by the team of SI «The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» —N.V. Pasyechnikova, O.S. Zadorozhnyi and E.V. Maltseva—explores contemporary perspectives on harnessing the beneficial effects of controlled body temperature reduction across various medical fields. The monograph delves into specific aspects of hypothermia use in ophthalmology, with a focus on measuring intraocular temperature and the prospects of applying targeted hypothermia during vitreoretinal surgery for retinoprotection. The book presents findings from the authors’ own experimental and clinical research in this domain, providing valuable insights for practicing ophthalmologists and researchers